Theory — Cách dùng file này
3 sample essays dưới đây được viết ở mức band 6.5–7.0. Mỗi bài gồm:
- Đề bài (đề mẫu IELTS chính thức)
- Sample essay (đúng cấu trúc 4 đoạn, 260–290 từ)
- Phân tích chi tiết (structure breakdown, vocabulary highlight, band estimate)
- Common mistakes — lỗi Ba nên tránh khi viết đề tương tự
Cách học đề xuất:
- Đọc đề trước, tự viết outline 30 giây (không cần viết hết)
- Xem sample, so sánh với outline của mình
- Đọc phân tích, đánh dấu vocabulary + cấu trúc mới
- Gõ lại sample (typing drill) để ghi nhớ template
Essay 1 — OPINION
📝 Đề bài
“Some people believe that governments should invest more money in public transport rather than in building new roads. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
✍️ Sample answer (272 từ, band 6.5–7.0)
📝 Template
The question of whether governments should channel greater
investment into public transport rather than road expansion has
sparked considerable debate. In my view, prioritising mass transit
represents the more sensible long-term strategy, both from an
environmental and an urban-planning perspective.
To begin with, the most compelling reason to favour public transport
lies in its capacity to alleviate traffic congestion far more
effectively than road construction. This is because building new
roads triggers a phenomenon known as 'induced demand' — additional
lanes attract more private vehicles, ultimately restoring gridlock
within a few years. A well-documented example is Los Angeles, where
successive freeway expansions since the 1980s have consistently
failed to reduce commute times. In contrast, a single metro line
can transport up to 60,000 passengers per hour, equivalent to
twelve lanes of car traffic, as demonstrated in Singapore's MRT
system.
Furthermore, mass transit yields substantial environmental benefits
that road-building simply cannot match. Vehicles powered by
electricity produce virtually zero direct emissions, whereas
private cars remain among the leading contributors to urban air
pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Cities such as Oslo and
Amsterdam, which have prioritised electrified public transport
alongside cycling infrastructure, have recorded measurable
declines in CO₂ output over the past decade.
In conclusion, although road construction may deliver short-term
convenience, investing in public transport offers cities a more
sustainable and effective means of managing urban mobility. For
these reasons, I firmly agree that government funding should be
redirected accordingly.🔍 Phân tích
Cấu trúc (map to T2-02):
| Đoạn | Từ | Nội dung |
|---|---|---|
| Intro | 45 | Paraphrase đề + thesis (STRONGLY AGREE) |
| Body 1 | 105 | Reason 1: giảm congestion — 'induced demand', LA vs Singapore |
| Body 2 | 90 | Reason 2: environmental benefit — Oslo, Amsterdam |
| Conclusion | 32 | Restate + closing statement |
Vocabulary đắt điểm (highlight để học):
- “has sparked considerable debate” (opening)
- “the most compelling reason lies in” (topic sentence Body 1)
- “alleviate traffic congestion” (thay "reduce")
- “triggers a phenomenon known as” (giới thiệu concept)
- “consistently failed to” (kết quả tiêu cực)
- “yields substantial benefits” (Body 2 opener)
- “virtually zero direct emissions” (đặc tả kỹ thuật)
- “measurable declines” (kết quả tích cực)
Grammar highlights:
- Complex sentence với "whereas" (Body 2): “…produce virtually zero…, whereas private cars remain…”
- Reduced relative clause (Body 2): “Cities such as Oslo and Amsterdam, which have prioritised…”
- First conditional implied trong Body 1: “additional lanes attract more vehicles, ultimately restoring gridlock”
Estimated band:
- Task Response: 7.0 (thesis rõ ràng, có ví dụ cụ thể)
- Coherence: 7.0 (linking rõ, đoạn văn liền mạch)
- Lexical Resource: 6.5–7.0 (nhiều collocation, ít lặp)
- Grammar: 6.5 (complex sentences, ít lỗi)
⚠️ Common mistakes cần tránh
- KHÔNG viết “I very agree” — dùng “I strongly agree / firmly agree”
- KHÔNG viết “There are two reasons. First,… Second,…” — quá đơn điệu. Dùng “The most compelling reason lies in… / Furthermore, another significant factor is…”
- Nhớ có ví dụ cụ thể (tên thành phố, số liệu) — Body không có ví dụ = band 5.5
- Conclusion KHÔNG thêm ý mới (ví dụ đừng nhắc "government should also invest in bike lanes")
Essay 2 — DISCUSSION
📝 Đề bài
Some argue that schools should focus on teaching practical skills such as cooking and financial literacy, while others believe that traditional academic subjects should remain the priority. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
✍️ Sample answer (285 từ, band 6.5–7.0)
📝 Template
The debate over whether educational institutions should prioritise
practical life skills over conventional academic subjects has
attracted significant attention in recent years. While both
perspectives carry merit, I firmly believe that a balanced
curriculum incorporating elements of both approaches offers the
greatest long-term benefit to learners.
On the one hand, proponents of practical skills argue that schools
often fail to prepare students for the realities of adult life.
Subjects such as personal finance, basic cooking, and time
management directly influence daily well-being, yet remain absent
from most national curricula. In Finland, for instance, the
introduction of mandatory home economics and financial literacy
classes has been credited with producing citizens who manage
household budgets more effectively and report lower stress
levels around money.
On the other hand, advocates of a traditional academic focus
contend that subjects such as mathematics, literature, and the
sciences cultivate critical thinking, analytical reasoning, and a
broad intellectual foundation — skills that are indispensable in
higher education and knowledge-based professions. Countries whose
education systems emphasise these disciplines, such as Singapore
and South Korea, consistently outperform others in international
assessments and produce highly skilled workforces in fields like
engineering and medicine.
In my view, framing this issue as an either/or choice is
misleading. Schools should offer a well-rounded curriculum in
which academic rigour is complemented by practical modules,
particularly during the later years of secondary education.
This dual approach equips young people with both the intellectual
depth to pursue further study and the everyday competencies
required to navigate adult life confidently.🔍 Phân tích
Cấu trúc (Discussion — cân bằng cả 2 view):
| Đoạn | Từ | Nội dung |
|---|---|---|
| Intro | 50 | Paraphrase + thesis "balanced curriculum" |
| Body 1 | 78 | View A: practical skills — Finland example |
| Body 2 | 82 | View B: academic subjects — Singapore/Korea example |
| Conclusion | 75 | My view: reject either/or, propose "both" |
Vocabulary đắt điểm:
- “has attracted significant attention” (intro)
- “proponents / advocates” (giới thiệu 2 phe — không lặp "people who think")
- “cultivate critical thinking” (Body 2)
- “indispensable in higher education”
- “framing this issue as an either/or choice is misleading” (conclusion elegant)
- “academic rigour is complemented by practical modules”
- “navigate adult life confidently”
Grammar highlights:
- "On the one hand,… On the other hand,…" — cấu trúc discussion cổ điển
- Relative clause with whose: “Countries whose education systems emphasise…”
- Reduced relative: "citizens who manage… → citizens who manage… (không rút gọn được vì tất cả cần "who")"
- Complex conclusion: “in which academic rigour is complemented by…”
⚠️ Common mistakes cần tránh
- KHÔNG viết “Some people think… but other people think…” — quá basic. Dùng “proponents / advocates / critics contend”
- Discussion BẮT BUỘC có 2 body cân bằng — mỗi body nói về 1 view. KHÔNG trộn 2 view vào 1 body.
- Opinion phải nêu rõ trong conclusion — nếu để mơ hồ = mất Task Response
- Không đứng về 1 view hoàn toàn — Discussion khác Opinion, nên đưa quan điểm cân nhắc (như "balanced approach")
Essay 3 — PROBLEM-SOLUTION
📝 Đề bài
“Obesity rates among young people are rising sharply in many countries. What are the main causes of this problem, and what measures can be taken to address it?”
✍️ Sample answer (278 từ, band 6.5–7.0)
📝 Template
The alarming rise in obesity rates among children and adolescents
has emerged as one of the most pressing public health challenges
of the twenty-first century. This essay will examine the primary
factors driving this trend and propose several practical measures
that could reverse it.
The root causes of youth obesity are largely twofold. Firstly,
the widespread availability of ultra-processed foods — including
sugary beverages, fast food, and packaged snacks — has drastically
altered dietary patterns. A 2023 WHO report revealed that global
consumption of these products among children aged 6–14 has doubled
since 2010, contributing directly to excessive calorie intake.
Secondly, contemporary lifestyles have become markedly more
sedentary, largely due to prolonged screen time and the decline
of active play. Studies indicate that children in urban areas now
spend, on average, over four hours per day on digital devices,
leaving little time for the physical activity essential to healthy
development.
Fortunately, several measures could effectively combat this
trend. Governments should introduce a substantial tax on sugary
beverages, following the successful model implemented in Mexico,
which reduced consumption by 12% within two years. At the school
level, mandatory daily physical education classes and the removal
of unhealthy snacks from cafeterias would restore a healthier
environment. Parents, meanwhile, must take responsibility for
limiting screen time and modelling active habits within the home.
In conclusion, rising youth obesity stems primarily from
ultra-processed food consumption and sedentary lifestyles, and
can only be addressed through coordinated action from
governments, schools, and families alike. Without such
collective effort, the health and economic costs will continue
to escalate.🔍 Phân tích
Cấu trúc (Problem-Solution):
| Đoạn | Từ | Nội dung |
|---|---|---|
| Intro | 45 | Paraphrase + preview (causes + solutions) |
| Body 1 | 110 | 2 CAUSES: ultra-processed food + sedentary lifestyle |
| Body 2 | 88 | 3 SOLUTIONS: tax (govt), PE + healthy food (school), screen limits (parents) |
| Conclusion | 40 | Restate + urgency ("collective effort") |
Vocabulary đắt điểm:
- “alarming rise” (intro adjective mạnh)
- “emerged as one of the most pressing challenges”
- “root causes are twofold” (giới thiệu 2 causes)
- “drastically altered dietary patterns”
- “markedly more sedentary”
- “combat this trend” (chuyển sang solutions)
- “following the successful model implemented in Mexico” (evidence)
- “stems primarily from” (conclusion opening — thay "is caused by")
- “escalate” (mạnh hơn "increase")
Grammar highlights:
- Firstly, … Secondly, … — cấu trúc trình bày 2 causes rõ ràng
- Relative clause: “Mexico, which reduced consumption by 12%…”
- Modal verbs cho solutions: “should introduce, must take responsibility”
- Present perfect passive: “has been implemented, has emerged”
⚠️ Common mistakes cần tránh
- Problem-Solution KHÁC Opinion — không đưa ý kiến cá nhân, chỉ phân tích + đề xuất
- Body 1 = causes, Body 2 = solutions — KHÔNG trộn (không nói cause 1 + solution 1 + cause 2 + solution 2 trong cùng đoạn)
- Mỗi cause & solution phải có evidence hoặc example (WHO report, Mexico case…)
- Conclusion phải nhấn mạnh urgency — không kết bằng câu chung chung
Bảng tổng kết 3 essays
| Essay | Loại | Từ | Ước tính band | Điểm mạnh nhất |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Opinion | 272 | 6.5–7.0 | Ví dụ concrete (LA vs Singapore) |
| 2 | Discussion | 285 | 6.5–7.0 | Vocabulary "proponents / advocates" thay lặp "people who think" |
| 3 | Problem-Solution | 278 | 6.5–7.0 | Solutions có evidence (Mexico) + phân tầng (govt/school/parents) |
Điểm cần nhớ
- Body dài, Intro & Conclusion ngắn — tỉ lệ ~40 / 100 / 90 / 40
- Mọi Body PHẢI có ví dụ cụ thể (tên nước, năm, số liệu, tên nghiên cứu) — không có = band 5.5
- Từng dạng đề có cấu trúc riêng — Opinion vs Discussion vs Problem-Solution KHÔNG dùng chung template
- Học paraphrase từ đề — copy nguyên đề = mất Lexical Resource
- Bài tiếp theo (nếu có) sẽ là P-T1-01 với 3 sample Task 1 (Line / Pie / Map)