Theory — Công thức Introduction 2 câu
Introduction chỉ cần 2 câu, tổng 40–55 từ:
Câu 1 — Paraphrase đề bài (background statement)
Câu 2 — Thesis statement (nêu quan điểm + preview 2 body)Đơn giản, nhanh, ăn điểm Task Response và Lexical Resource.
Vì sao PHẢI paraphrase?
- Không paraphrase (copy nguyên đề) → giám khảo không tính số từ đó vào bài của bạn → dễ bị dưới 250 từ → mất điểm.
- Copy nguyên đề còn cho thấy vốn từ nghèo → giảm điểm Lexical Resource.
4 kỹ thuật paraphrase cốt lõi
| Kỹ thuật | Ví dụ gốc | Sau khi paraphrase |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Synonym (từ đồng nghĩa) | "children" | "youngsters / minors / the young" |
| 2. Word form (đổi loại từ) | "important" (adj) | "importance" (noun) |
| 3. Voice (chủ/bị động) | "People believe X" | "It is widely believed that X" |
| 4. Structure (đảo câu) | "X causes Y" | "Y is largely attributed to X" |
Nguyên tắc vàng: KHÔNG đổi từ technical / topic-specific (như "climate change", "artificial intelligence", "IELTS") — giữ nguyên. Chỉ paraphrase từ thường.
Bộ từ paraphrase phổ biến (học thuộc)
| Từ gốc | Paraphrase |
|---|---|
| people | individuals / citizens / the public |
| think / believe | argue / contend / maintain / hold the view |
| important | crucial / vital / significant / essential |
| good | beneficial / advantageous / positive |
| bad | detrimental / harmful / adverse |
| many | numerous / a considerable number of |
| nowadays | in recent years / in the modern era / today |
| children | youngsters / the younger generation |
| big / large | substantial / considerable / significant |
| use | utilise / employ / make use of |
Cấu trúc thesis theo dạng đề
| Dạng đề | Mẫu thesis |
|---|---|
| Opinion | “In my view, [stance] because [reason 1] and [reason 2].” |
| Discussion | “This essay will examine both perspectives before concluding that [your view].” |
| Problem-Solution | “This essay will analyse the primary causes of this issue and propose viable solutions.” |
| Adv-Disadv | “This essay will argue that the benefits of [X] considerably outweigh the drawbacks.” |
Typing — Gõ 3 cặp intro mẫu
Gõ từng cặp Đề gốc → Intro paraphrased (không copy-paste). Chú ý từ nào được đổi, từ nào giữ nguyên.
Cặp 1 — Opinion
Đề:
Some people believe that university education should be free for
all students. To what extent do you agree or disagree?“Intro”:
It is often argued that tertiary education ought to be provided
at no cost to every learner. In my view, I strongly agree with
this proposition, as free higher education promotes social equality
and drives long-term economic growth.Cặp 2 — Problem-Solution
Đề:
Traffic congestion is becoming a serious problem in many big cities.
What are the causes and what measures can be taken to solve it?“Intro”:
In recent years, gridlock has emerged as a pressing issue in numerous
metropolitan areas around the world. This essay will explore the
principal factors contributing to this phenomenon and propose several
practical measures to address it.Cặp 3 — Adv-Disadv
Đề:
More and more people are working from home instead of in an office.
Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?“Intro”:
An increasing number of professionals are opting to carry out their
duties remotely rather than commuting to a traditional workplace.
This essay will argue that although this shift presents certain
challenges, its benefits substantially outweigh its drawbacks.Speaking — Đọc to 10 cụm paraphrase
Đọc to từng cụm 3 lần. Đây là cụm "an toàn" dùng được ở hầu hết đề Task 2:
- “It is often argued that…”
- “In recent years, [X] has emerged as…”
- “An increasing number of individuals…”
- “There has been a growing tendency to…”
- “This essay will explore / examine / analyse…”
- “…before concluding that…”
- “…considerably outweighs / outweigh…”
- “…contributing to this phenomenon…”
- “…propose several practical measures…”
- “…drives long-term economic growth.”
Phát âm cần chú ý:
- "argued" /ˈɑːɡ.juːd/
- "phenomenon" /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/
- "considerably" /kənˈsɪd.ər.ə.bli/
- "propose" /prəˈpəʊz/
- "analyse" (UK) /ˈæn.əl.aɪz/
Grammar — Sửa Introduction bị copy nguyên đề
Mỗi intro dưới đây có 1 vấn đề: hoặc copy nguyên đề, hoặc thiếu thesis, hoặc dùng từ sai. Xác định lỗi và viết lại.
1.
Đề: Some people believe that children should learn a foreign language at primary school.
Intro: “Some people believe that children should learn a foreign language at primary school. I agree with this idea.”
Đáp án
Lỗi: Copy nguyên đề + thesis quá sơ sài ("I agree" — không giải thích lý do).
Sửa:
It is often argued that youngsters ought to begin studying an additional language during their primary school years. In my opinion, I firmly agree with this view, as early exposure enhances cognitive development and lays a solid foundation for future language proficiency.
2.
Đề: Traffic congestion is a serious problem. What are the causes and solutions?
Intro: “Nowadays, traffic is very bad. There are many causes and solutions.”
Đáp án
Lỗi: Câu quá cụt, dùng "very bad" (informal), không paraphrase, không preview nội dung essay.
Sửa:
“In recent years, gridlock has become a pressing concern in cities worldwide. This essay will investigate the principal factors contributing to this issue and propose several viable solutions.”
3.
Đề: Do the advantages of working from home outweigh the disadvantages?
Intro: “Working from home has many advantage and disadvantage. In this essay I will discuss about them.”
Đáp án
Lỗi: "advantage/disadvantage" thiếu "s", "discuss about" sai (không có "about" sau discuss), không có thesis rõ ràng.
Sửa:
The practice of carrying out professional duties from one's residence has become increasingly widespread in recent years. This essay will argue that although remote work poses certain challenges, its benefits significantly outweigh its drawbacks.
4.
Đề: Some argue schools should teach practical skills; others say academic subjects are more important. Discuss both views.
Intro: “Schools teach many things. Some people like practical, some like academic.”
Đáp án
Lỗi: Câu quá đơn giản, không paraphrase, thiếu thesis + preview.
Sửa:
The debate over whether educational institutions should prioritise vocational training or traditional academic disciplines has attracted considerable attention. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own view that a balanced curriculum offers the greatest benefits to learners.
5.
Đề: Free university education for all students — agree or disagree?
Intro: “University education should be free for everyone. I very agree.”
Đáp án
Lỗi: "very agree" sai (dùng "strongly agree"), copy nguyên đề, thiếu lý do trong thesis.
Sửa:
It is often argued that tertiary education ought to be made available at no cost to every learner. In my view, I strongly agree with this proposition, as free higher education promotes social mobility and yields substantial long-term economic benefits.
Game — Match từ gốc với paraphrase
Nối từ ở cột trái với paraphrase phù hợp ở cột phải (mỗi từ chỉ có 1 đáp án đúng).
| # | Từ gốc | Chọn (A–J) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | children | ? |
| 2 | important | ? |
| 3 | think | ? |
| 4 | nowadays | ? |
| 5 | many | ? |
| 6 | good | ? |
| 7 | big | ? |
| 8 | bad | ? |
| 9 | people | ? |
| 10 | use | ? |
Cột paraphrase:
- A. beneficial
- B. crucial
- C. individuals
- D. detrimental
- E. numerous
- F. substantial
- G. youngsters
- H. utilise
- I. contend
- J. in recent years
Đáp án
| # | Từ gốc | → | Paraphrase |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | children | → | G. youngsters |
| 2 | important | → | B. crucial |
| 3 | think | → | I. contend |
| 4 | nowadays | → | J. in recent years |
| 5 | many | → | E. numerous |
| 6 | good | → | A. beneficial |
| 7 | big | → | F. substantial |
| 8 | bad | → | D. detrimental |
| 9 | people | → | C. individuals |
| 10 | use | → | H. utilise |
Điểm cần nhớ
- Introduction = 2 câu, 40–55 từ, không hơn không kém
- KHÔNG copy nguyên đề — luôn paraphrase bằng ≥ 2 trong 4 kỹ thuật (synonym, word form, voice, structure)
- Giữ nguyên từ technical / topic-specific (climate change, AI, IELTS…)
- Thesis phải preview 2 body → giám khảo biết trước bài đi đâu
- Bài tiếp theo (T2-04) sẽ đi sâu vào cấu trúc PEEL cho Body paragraph