Theory — 40 từ / cụm band 6.5+ cho topic Transport
Transport = TOP 5 topic IELTS Task 2, thường ghép với Housing/Environment. Đề hay về: xe cá nhân vs công cộng, ùn tắc, xe điện, xe tự lái, tàu cao tốc, đi bộ/xe đạp, đường cao tốc vs metro.
Nhóm 1 — Phương tiện
| Vietnamese | English | Collocation mẫu |
|---|---|---|
| Xe cá nhân | private vehicles / cars | “reduce reliance on private vehicles” |
| Giao thông công cộng | public transport / mass transit | “invest in mass transit systems” |
| Xe điện | electric vehicles (EVs) | “the rapid adoption of electric vehicles” |
| Xe tự lái | self-driving / autonomous vehicles | “the emergence of autonomous vehicles” |
| Xe đạp | bicycle / cycling | “promote cycling as commuter transport” |
| Xe hai bánh | motorbike / motorcycle | “widespread motorcycle use in Southeast Asia” |
| Tàu điện ngầm | metro / underground / subway | “expand the metro network” |
| Tàu cao tốc | high-speed rail | “construct high-speed rail links” |
Nhóm 2 — Vấn đề đô thị
| Vietnamese | English | Collocation mẫu |
|---|---|---|
| Tắc nghẽn | traffic congestion / gridlock | “chronic traffic congestion” |
| Giờ cao điểm | rush hour / peak hours | “during peak commuting hours” |
| Tai nạn giao thông | traffic accidents / road traffic accidents | “reduce road traffic fatalities” |
| Ô nhiễm không khí | air pollution | “vehicle-related air pollution” |
| Khí thải xe | vehicle emissions | “strict vehicle emissions standards” |
| Đi lại (danh từ) | commute / commuting | “a lengthy daily commute” |
| Người đi bộ | pedestrian | “prioritise pedestrian safety” |
| Nhu cầu ảo | induced demand | “the phenomenon of induced demand” |
Nhóm 3 — Cơ sở hạ tầng
| Vietnamese | English | Collocation mẫu |
|---|---|---|
| Đường cao tốc | motorway / freeway / highway | “expanding the motorway network” |
| Cơ sở hạ tầng giao thông | transport infrastructure | “modern transport infrastructure” |
| Làn xe đạp | cycle lane / bike lane | “protected cycle lanes” |
| Đường đi bộ | pedestrianised street / pavement | “create pedestrianised zones” |
| Bãi đỗ xe | parking / parking facility | “insufficient parking facilities” |
| Trạm sạc | charging station | “expand the EV charging network” |
| Hệ thống một vé | integrated ticketing | “seamless integrated ticketing” |
| Đầu mối giao thông | transport hub | “a major transport hub” |
Nhóm 4 — Giải pháp & Chính sách
| Vietnamese | English | Collocation mẫu |
|---|---|---|
| Thu phí ùn tắc | congestion pricing / charging | “introduce congestion charging” |
| Giới hạn tốc độ | speed limit | “enforce lower speed limits” |
| Quy hoạch giao thông | transport planning | “long-term transport planning” |
| Đi chung xe | car-sharing / ride-sharing | “apps promoting ride-sharing” |
| Trợ giá vé | subsidised fares | “heavily subsidised bus fares” |
| Cấm xe cá nhân | vehicle ban | “a diesel vehicle ban” |
| Vành đai xanh | low-emission zone | “establish low-emission zones” |
| Giao thông bền vững | sustainable transport | “principles of sustainable transport” |
Typing — Gõ 4 câu mẫu
Câu 1 — public transport vs road building:
📝 Template
Investing in mass transit systems represents a far more sustainable
long-term strategy than continuously expanding motorway networks,
which merely triggers the phenomenon of induced demand and restores
gridlock within a matter of years.Câu 2 — vehicle emissions:
📝 Template
Vehicle emissions remain among the largest single contributors to
urban air pollution, particularly in rapidly growing Asian cities
where the widespread reliance on motorcycles and ageing diesel
vehicles compounds the challenge.Câu 3 — electric vehicles:
📝 Template
The rapid adoption of electric vehicles, coupled with the expansion
of dense charging networks, offers a genuinely transformative
pathway to decarbonising personal transport, provided that the
underlying electricity grid itself transitions to renewable sources.Câu 4 — congestion pricing:
📝 Template
Well-designed congestion pricing schemes, as demonstrated in London,
Stockholm, and Singapore, have proved remarkably effective at
reducing peak-hour traffic while simultaneously generating revenue
that can be reinvested in improving public transport.Speaking — Đọc to 12 từ khó phát âm
- “congestion” /kənˈdʒes.tʃən/
- “pedestrian” /pəˈdes.tri.ən/
- “vehicle” /ˈviː.ə.kəl/ — nhiều người đọc sai "veh-hi-cle"
- “emissions” /iˈmɪʃ.ənz/
- “autonomous” /ɔːˈtɒn.ə.məs/
- “infrastructure” /ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər/
- “commute” /kəˈmjuːt/
- “cyclist” /ˈsaɪ.klɪst/
- “gridlock” /ˈɡrɪd.lɒk/
- “motorway” /ˈməʊ.tə.weɪ/
- “subsidised” /ˈsʌb.sɪ.daɪzd/
- “decarbonising” /diːˈkɑː.bə.naɪ.zɪŋ/
Grammar — Chọn collocation ĐÚNG
1. Governments should ______ traffic congestion through better urban planning.
- A. combat
- B. alleviate
- C. tackle
- D. all of the above
Đáp án
D. All of the above — cả 3 verb đều dùng được với "congestion". Nâng cao: “ease congestion / relieve traffic pressure”.
2. London's ______ scheme charges drivers who enter the city centre during peak hours.
- A. congestion pricing
- B. traffic tax
- C. car tax
- D. driver fee
Đáp án
A. congestion pricing — hoặc “congestion charging” là term chuyên biệt. Các option khác không phải collocation chuẩn urban planning.
3. Building new roads often triggers a phenomenon known as ______.
- A. more traffic
- B. induced demand
- C. car increase
- D. traffic creation
Đáp án
B. induced demand — term economics chính thức. Đây là điểm ăn band 7+ trong Task 2 về transport. Các option khác không phải term chuyên biệt.
4. The government must ______ EV charging infrastructure to accelerate adoption.
- A. expand
- B. develop
- C. roll out
- D. all of the above
Đáp án
D. All of the above — cả 3 verb đều phù hợp với "infrastructure". "Roll out" là idiom phổ biến trong policy writing.
5. Modern cities are trying to ______ private vehicle use.
- A. reduce
- B. curb
- C. decrease
- D. B is most formal
Đáp án
D. B is most formal — “curb” trang trọng hơn "reduce / decrease" trong academic writing. Nâng cao: “discourage private vehicle use”.
Game — Vietnamese ↔ English Match
| # | Vietnamese | Chọn (A–J) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | tắc nghẽn | ? |
| 2 | xe điện | ? |
| 3 | giao thông công cộng | ? |
| 4 | thu phí ùn tắc | ? |
| 5 | xe tự lái | ? |
| 6 | tàu cao tốc | ? |
| 7 | làn xe đạp | ? |
| 8 | khí thải xe | ? |
| 9 | cơ sở hạ tầng giao thông | ? |
| 10 | trạm sạc | ? |
Options:
- A. autonomous vehicles
- B. charging station
- C. congestion pricing
- D. cycle lane
- E. electric vehicles
- F. high-speed rail
- G. mass transit / public transport
- H. traffic congestion
- I. transport infrastructure
- J. vehicle emissions
Đáp án
| # | Vietnamese | → | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tắc nghẽn | → | H traffic congestion |
| 2 | xe điện | → | E electric vehicles |
| 3 | giao thông công cộng | → | G mass transit |
| 4 | thu phí ùn tắc | → | C congestion pricing |
| 5 | xe tự lái | → | A autonomous vehicles |
| 6 | tàu cao tốc | → | F high-speed rail |
| 7 | làn xe đạp | → | D cycle lane |
| 8 | khí thải xe | → | J vehicle emissions |
| 9 | cơ sở hạ tầng giao thông | → | I transport infrastructure |
| 10 | trạm sạc | → | B charging station |
Điểm cần nhớ
- "Induced demand" — term chuyên biệt, ăn điểm band 7+ khi nói về xây đường
- "Congestion pricing / charging" — chính sách nổi bật (London, Stockholm, Singapore)
- "Alleviate / combat / tackle congestion" — 3 verb hợp với congestion
- "Curb" > "reduce" khi nói về vehicle use / emissions
- "Public transport" = UK; "mass transit" = US (dùng cả 2 đều OK trong IELTS)
- "Vehicle" đọc /ˈviː.ə.kəl/ — không phải "veh-hi-cle"
- Bài tiếp theo (V-13) sẽ đi vào Money & Economy — thuế, bất bình đẳng, cashless payments